In 2025, Poland passed a law temporarily suspending the right to seek asylum for individuals who cross the national border illegally. This move marks a significant shift in the country’s migration policy, aimed at strengthening border security and enhancing administrative control. The legislation has sparked widespread public debate and attracted attention from international human rights organizations and European institutions.
Key Provisions of the New Law
The new legal framework automatically blocks the processing of asylum claims submitted by individuals who enter Poland outside of designated border checkpoints. These individuals are subject to expedited deportation within 48 hours of apprehension.
Limited Exceptions
Only a few categories are exempt from immediate deportation:
- Pregnant women
- Unaccompanied minors
- Individuals with disabilities or serious health conditions
Even these groups must undergo assessment before their applications are accepted for review.
Appeals Do Not Stop Deportation
While the law allows for appeals, filing one does not delay the deportation process. This has raised concerns among legal experts and human rights groups about due process and access to legal remedies.
Implementation Costs and Budget Breakdown
To put the law into practice, the Polish government has allocated an estimated €280 million in 2025. The budget covers infrastructure, staffing, logistics, and support systems required for efficient enforcement.
Breakdown of expenses:
- €120 million – Border infrastructure upgrades (monitoring systems, barriers, digital controls)
- €80 million – Construction of temporary detention facilities
- €45 million annually – Staff costs, including border guards, doctors, translators, and legal personnel
- €35 million – Deportation operations and transportation logistics
The average cost of deporting one person ranges from €200 to €1,200, depending on the destination and necessary arrangements.
Public Response in Poland
According to recent surveys, approximately 62% of Polish citizens support tightening asylum and border policies. Support is particularly strong in regions bordering non-EU countries.
However, protests took place in major cities such as Warsaw and Gdańsk. Civil society groups and students voiced concern over potential violations of international law and human rights. NGOs have also reported limited access to detention centers and obstacles to providing legal assistance.
International Reaction
Criticism from EU and Human Rights Groups
The law has prompted reactions from EU institutions and international organizations:
- The European Commission requested legal clarification to determine compliance with EU law and the Geneva Convention
- UN agencies and Amnesty International warned of the humanitarian risks posed by fast-track deportations
- Legal experts have raised the issue of infringement on the right to seek protection, especially in emergency situations
Some Support from EU States
Despite the criticism, several EU member states expressed support for Poland’s right to implement strict border measures within the limits of international obligations.
Economic Impact and Labor Market Effects
Polish economists have warned that stricter migration laws may have negative side effects on the national economy. Key sectors such as agriculture, construction, and logistics rely on foreign labor. The reduction in the availability of migrant workers could lead to rising labor costs and reduced productivity.
According to the Warsaw Institute of Economics, Poland may face GDP losses between 0.3% and 0.6% annually. In addition, the country may be at risk of EU funding cuts if its policies are deemed to violate European standards.
Humanitarian Concerns
Human rights organizations have reported a 70% increase in asylum denials compared to the previous year. There are documented cases of individuals being deported without access to translation services, legal counsel, or medical screening. More than 30 cases are currently under review by international courts, including the European Court of Human Rights.
Concerns have also been raised about the deportation of vulnerable individuals who may have valid protection needs, such as victims of violence or political persecution.
What’s Next for Poland’s Migration Policy?
The Polish government has signaled further reforms. Key priorities include:
- Establishing a National Agency for Migration and Return
- Creating a digital monitoring system for all foreign residents
- Updating legislation on temporary residence and labor migration
Authorities insist that Poland remains committed to international law but retains the sovereign right to protect its borders in a time of growing geopolitical instability.
Conclusion
Poland passes law suspending asylum for migrants, prioritizing border security, administrative efficiency, and national control. Backed by public support and a €280 million investment, the law marks a major shift in the country’s migration policy.
While the government emphasizes its need to safeguard national interests, international institutions warn of legal and humanitarian risks. The long-term impact of the law will depend on its practical application and Poland’s willingness to balance enforcement with compliance to European and global standards.
